ASME B31.4:2002 pdf download

ASME B31.4:2002 pdf download.PIPEUNE TRANSPORTATIOM SYSTEMS FOR LIIIUID HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER LIQUlDS
Some of the more common terms relating to piping are defined below.? accidental loads: any unplanned load or combination of unplanned loads caused by human intervention or natural phenomena. blunt imperfection: an imperfection characterized by smoothly contoured variations in wall thickness.* breakaway coupling: a component installed in the pipeline to allow the pipeline to separate when a predetermined axial load is applied to the coupling. buckle: a condition where the pipeline has undergone sufficient plastic deformation to cause permanent wrin- kling in the pipe wall or excessive cross-sectional deformation caused by loads acting alone or in combina- tion with hydrostatic pressure. carbon dioxide: a fluid consisting predominantly of carbon dioxide compressed above its critical pressure and, for the purpose of this Code, shall be considered to be a liquid. cold springing: deliberate deflection of piping, within its yield strength, to compensate for anticipated thermal expansion. column buckling: buckling of a beam or pipe under compressive axial load in which loads cause unstable lateral deflection, also referred to as upheaval buckling. connectors: component, except flanges, used for the purpose of mechanically joining two sections of pipe.defect: an imperfection of sufficient magnitude to warrant rejection. design life: a period of time used in design calcula- tions, selected for the purpose of verifying that a replaceable or permanent component is suitable for the anticipated period of service. Design life does not pertain to the life of the pipeline system because a properly maintained and protected pipeline system can provide liquid transportation service indefinitely. engineering design: detailed design developed from operating requirements and conforming to Code require- ments, including all necessary drawings and specifica- tions, goveming a piping installation. general corrosion: uniform or gradually varying loss of wall thickness over an area. girth weld: a complete circumferential butt weld join- ing pipe or components. impevection: a discontinuity or irregularity which is detected by inspection. inteml design pressure: internal pressure used in calculations or analysis for pressure design of a piping component (see para. 401.2.2). lique$ed petroleum gas(es) (LPG): liquid petroleum composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons, either by themselves or as mixtures: butane (normal butane or isobutane), butylene (including isomers), pro- pane, propylene, and ethane. liquid alcohol: any of a group of organic compounds containing only hydrogen, carbon, and one or more hydroxyl radicals which will remain liquid in a moving stream in a pipeline. liquid anhydrous ammonia: a compound formed by the combination of the two gaseous elements, nitrogen and hydrogen, in the proportion of one part of nitrogen to three parts of hydrogen, by volume, compressed to a liquid state. maximum steady state operating pressure: maximum pressure (sum of static head pressure, pressure required to overcome friction losses, and any back pressure) at any point in a piping system when the system is operating under steady state conditions.
pipe: a tube, usually cylindrical, used for conveying a fluid or transmitting fluid pressure, normally designated “pipe” in the applicable specification. It also includes any similar component designated as “tubing” used for the same purpose. Types of pipe, according to the method of manufacture, are defined as follows. (a) electric resistance welded pipe: pipe produced in individual lengths or in continuous lengths from coiled skelp, having a longitudinal or spiral butt joint wherein coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the pipe to the flow of electric current in a circuit of which the pipe is a part, and by the application of pressure. (b) furnace lap welded pipe: pipe having a longitudi- nal lap joint made by the forge welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating the preformed tube to welding temperature and passing it over a mandrel located between two welding rolls which compress and weld the overlapping edges. (c) furnuce butt welded pipe