ASME SA-31:2021 pdf download

ASME SA-31:2021 pdf download.SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL RIVETS AND BARS FOR RIVETS, PRESSURE VESSELS
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture of rivets. 1.2 Two grades are covered: 1.2.1 Grade A — Bars having a yield point of 23 000 psi (160 MPa) minimum with no controls on carbon content. 1.2.2 Grade B — Bars having a yield point of 29 000 psi (200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28% maximum. 1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar grade. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The steel shall be made by any of the following processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen. 4.2 Rivets shall be manufactured from rivet bars con- forming to the applicable grade ordered. 4.3 Rivets shall be manufactured by hot- or cold- heading. 4.4 Bars shall be furnished as rolled and not pickled, blast cleaned, or oiled. At producer’s option, bars may be cleaned for inspection or cold drawn.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The steel shall conform to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.5.2 Heat Analysis — An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the bar manufacturer to determine for Grades A and B the percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. This analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken during the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative and shall conform to the requirements for heat analysis in accordance with Table 1. 5.3 Product Analysis — An analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished materials representing each heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall con- form to the requirements for product analysis prescribed in Table 1. 5.4 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted. 5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accor- dance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 Rivet Bend Tests: 6.1.1 The rivet shank of Grade A steel shall stand being bent cold through 180° flat on itself, as shown in Fig. 1, without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. 6.1.2 The rivet shank of Grade B steel shall stand being bent cold through 180° without cracking on the outside of the bent portion in accordance with Table 2. 6.2 Rivet Flattening Tests — The rivet head shall stand being flattened, while hot, to a diameter 2 1 ⁄ 2 times the diameter ofthe shank, as shown in Fig. 2, without cracking at the edges. 6.3 Bar Tensile Properties — Bars shall conform to the tensile requirements in accordance with Table 3. 6.4 Bar Bend Tests: 6.4.1 The test specimen for Grade A steel bars shall stand being bent cold through 180° flat on itself without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. 6.4.2 The test specimen for Grade B steel bars shall stand being bent cold through 180° without cracking on the outside of the bent portion to an inside diameter which shall have a relation to the diameter of the specimen in accordance with Table 4.
9. Number of Tests and Retests
9.1 Rivets —Sampling forrivetbendandrivetflattening tests shall be in accordance with Guide F 1470, detection process. 9.2 Bars: 9.2.1 Two tension tests shall be made from each heat, unless the finished material from a heat is less than 50 tons (45 Mg), when one tension test will be sufficient. However, formaterial 2 in. (51 mm) andunderinthickness, when the material from one heat differs 3 ⁄ 8 in. (9.5 mm) or more in thickness, one tension test shall be made from both the thickest and the thinnest material rolled regardless of the weight represented. Each test shall conform to the specified requirements. 9.2.2 Retests on bars may be made in accordance with Specification A 29/A 29M.