ASME SA-370:2019 pdf download

ASME SA-370:2019 pdf download.TEST METHODS AND DEFINITIONS FOR MECHANICAL TESTING OF STEEL PRODUCTS
1. Scope
1.1 These testmethods coverprocedures anddefinitions for the mechanical testing ofwrought and cast steels, stain- less steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique oratvariance with these general proce- dures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric prod- uct specification, the yield and tensile values may be deter- mined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gage lengths of 2 or 8 in. may be reported in SI unit gage lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is referenced in an inch- pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into inch- pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gage lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gage lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable. 1.6 Attention is directed to Practices A 880 and E 1595 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user ofthis standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.
3. General Precautions
3.1 Certain methods of fabrication, such as bending, forming, andwelding, oroperations involving heating, may affect the properties of the material under test. Therefore, the product specifications coverthe stage ofmanufacture at whichmechanicaltesting is tobeperformed. Theproperties shown by testing prior to fabrication may not necessarily be representative ofthe productafterithas been completely fabricated. 3.2 Improper machining or preparation of test speci- mens may give erroneous results. Care should be exercised to assure good workmanship in machining. Improperly machined specimens should be discarded and other speci- mens substituted. 3.3 Flaws in the specimen may also affect results. If any test specimen develops flaws, the retest provision of the applicable product specification shall govern. 3.4 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen preparation, it may be discarded and another specimen taken.
4. Orientation of Test Specimens
4.1 The terms “longitudinal test” and “transverse test” are used only in material specifications for wrought prod- ucts andarenotapplicableto castings. Whensuchreference is made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply: 4.1.1 Longitudinal Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies thatthelengthwiseaxis ofthespecimen is parallel to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a longitudinal tension test specimen is in the direction of the greatest extension, and the axis ofthe fold ofa longitudinal bend test specimen is at right angles to the direction of greatest extension (Fig. 1, Fig. 2a, and 2b). 4.1.2 Transverse Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies thatthelengthwise axis ofthe specimen is at right angles to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a transverse tension test specimen is at right angles to the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold of a trans- versebendtestspecimenis parallelto thegreatestextension (Fig. 1). 4.2 The terms “radial test” and “tangential test” are used in material specifications for some wrought circular products and are not applicable to castings. When such reference is made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply: 4.2.1 Radial Test, unless specifically defined other- wise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpendicular to the axis of the product and coincident with one of the radii of a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a center (Fig. 2a). 4.2.2 Tangential Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies thatthelengthwiseaxis ofthespecimen is perpendicular to a plane containing the axis of the prod- uct and tangent to a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a center (Fig. 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d).