ASME SA-451-SA-451M:2021 pdf download

ASME SA-451-SA-451M:2021 pdf download.Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High- Temperature Service
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers austenitic alloy steel pipe for use in high-temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service. 1.2 Several grades ofaustenitic stainless steel are covered as indicated in Table 1. 1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided when additional testing may be required. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exactly equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. N OTE 1—This specification is not intended to cover centrifugal pipe made from alloys containing more than 0.20 % carbon, such as are covered by Specification A297/A297M.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following, as required, to describe the desired material ad- equately: 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths), 3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe), 3.1.3 Grade (Table 1), 3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall thickness in inches or millimetres), 3.1.5 Length (specific or random, Specification A999/ A999M), 3.1.6 End Finish of Specification A999/A999M, 3.1.7 Optional Requirements (9.4 and Supplementary Re- quirements S1 through S7), 3.1.8 Test Report Required (Section 14), and 3.1.9 Special Requirements or Additions to Specification.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Heat-Treatment—The pipe shall receive a heat- treatment at the temperature and time specified in Table 2, followed by a quench in water or rapid cool by other means. 4.2 Machining—The pipe shall be machined on the inner and outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater than 250-µin. [6.35-µm] arithmetical average deviation (AA) from the mean line, as defined in American National Standard B46.1.
5. Chemical Analysis
5.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a test sample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. 5.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as to be thoroughly representative of the pipe being analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. 5.3 To determine conformance with the chemical analysis requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of values listed in Table 1.
6. Tensile Requirements
6.1 Test Specimens: 6.1.1 Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from the same heat as the castings repre- sented. Test bars shall be supplied in sufficient number to furnish all specimens required in 6.2 and 6.3 (see Table 3). 6.1.2 Test specimens may be cut from heat-treated castings instead of from test bars when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.6.1.3 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions of the standard round 2-in. [50-mm] gage length specimens shown in Fig. 6 of Test Methods and Definitions A370. 6.2 Number ofTests: 6.2.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be heat-treated in the same manner as the castings represented. 6.2.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted from the same heat. 6.3 Retests—If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat do not conform to the requirements specified, the castings may be reheat-treated and retested, but may not be solution- treated more than twice.